1. Cancer

It is a common and dangerous diseases of our time. It is the abnormal growth of malignant cells in the body. And it believed that 1 in 3 people is susceptible to it. According to the American Cancer Institution, 7.6 million people died of cancer globally in 2007. Sometimes, the inability of science to cure more aggressive types of cancer in advanced phases of advancement.

It is preferable to give up curative treatment and apply a palliative treatment that provides the least possible degree of discomfort and leads to a dignified death. Starting in the 1990s and with the available therapeutic techniques, cancer is curable in approximately 50% of diagnosed patients.

2. Alzheimer

A neurodegenerative diseases of unknown causes. It is one of the most difficult to deal with and deal with. In addition, it causes cognitive decline, behavioral disorders, and memory loss. International Alzheimer’s Day celebrated on September 21 , the date was chosen by the WHO and the International Alzheimer Federation, in which activities to raise awareness and help prevent the diseases held in various countries.

There are differences in incidence depending on sex since there is a higher risk of suffering the disease in women, specifically among the population older than 85 years. For 2010, Alzheimer’s Disease International has estimated prevalence of dementia of 4.7% worldwide for people 60 years of age or older, representing upward figures compared to numerous earlier circulated readings (10% greater than assessed for The Lancet in 2005).

The usefulness of anticholinesterase drugs that have an inhibitory action on cholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter that is missing in Alzheimer’s disease and that has a substantial impact on memory and other cognitive functions), has been proven.

3. AIDS

It was the disease of the 20th century, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). On the other hand, it is an infectious diseases with severe consequences. Significant advances made in medicine, but the cure is not yet known. At least it has been achieved that the condition is chronic. The chances of treatment are certainly remote, so current research efforts are more focused on obtaining some vaccine that prevents new infections.

4. Lupus

The systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is an autoimmune disease. It is unpredictable and can cause arthritis, anemia, skin rashes, etc. Besides, it attacks specific internal organs such as the kidney, lungs, or even the heart.

Lupus occurs more commonly in Asians and Africans and is 9 times more frequent in women than in men. The first manifestations of the disease frequently observed between 15 and 44 years of age. Although there is currently no cure, symptoms mainly treated with low doses of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine.

5. Diabetes

It generated by a metabolic disorder in which the person has too much sugar in the blood and does not produce enough insulin. A second type occurs because the body offers resistance to the insulin produced. Diabetes mellitus is not a unique pathology but a syndrome, which is why this name now includes, in turn, several different types of conditions but with a common characteristic: hyperglycemia and its consequences.

By the year 2000, it estimated that around 171 million people had diabetes in the world and that they would reach 370 million in 2030. This condition causes various complications, frequently damaging the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

World Diabetes Day commemorated on November 14.

6. Ebola

Hemorrhagic fever transmitted from primates to humans that can be fatal. It is natural to Africa and has a death rate of between 50 and 90% of cases. Within a week, a rash, often hemorrhagic, appears throughout the body. Bleeding usually occurs from the gastrointestinal tract, causing the infected to flow from both the mouth and the rectum. The virus is alive in Africa. In 1976 around 85% of those infected died.

The Ebola virus has no remedy and no precise treatment. The treatment currently used is to maintain the person’s life through resuscitation methods (artificial respiration, avoiding CPR since the virus is contagious by saliva) and to control bleeding as far as possible. As for a vaccine, research does, but this is complicated because not all the virus’s proteins are yet known and because there are only four laboratories equipped to work with an illness like this one.

7. Asthma

A chronic disease that can progress in severe stages. It occurs in the lungs and inflames the airways. Failure to take proper treatment can be life-threatening. Although asthma is known to be a condition caused by chronic inflammation of the airways. The precise components of this inflammation remain elucidated, and its causes are uncertain.

Last twenty years, an increase in its incidence due in part to environmental pollution and its consequences and part of the rise in the world population. For example, the World Health Organization reported that 8% of the Swiss population suffered from asthma(diseases), compared to just 2% 25-30 years ago.

8. Poliomyelitis

A virus-related disease that attacks the nervous system and can cause total or partial paralysis. It mainly affects children between 5 and 10 years old.

The German Jakob Heine first described the disease in 1840.

The World Health Organization declares that an area is free from diseases when three years have passed without any case occurring. In 1994, the WHO considered the Americas Region (36 countries) free of polio. And In 2000 it did so with the Pacific Region (37 countries, including China). In 2002 it was declared to the European Region.

The WHO has declared that there are only four countries in the world where the disease remains endemic: Nigeria, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. If successful, it will be the third infectious disease eliminated from the face of the Earth. The first was smallpox, and the second was rinderpest.

9. Flu

It is widespread, and we probably all suffer from it at some point. It caused by a virus that affects the airways and is always mutating. And  which means that we only control it for a particular time. There are treatments available that focus on relieving symptoms, and also on helping the body develop its defenses.

Influenza reaches its highest prevalence peaks during winter. Because the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere traverse this season at different times, there are, in fact, two influenza seasons each year: October through April in the Northern Hemisphere and May to September in the southern hemisphere. The exact reason that the flu appears in those times is not known, but the idea is supposed to be that, due to the cold, people tend to shut themselves up in more closed places, and the interpersonal contact becomes closer.

10. Common cold

It is the most common disease. After the cold, the patient develops an immunity to the virus. However, due to the large number of illnesses that exist, we can get sick again. The common cold caused by numerous viruses (mainly rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and also certain ecoviruses and coxsackieviruses ) that infect the upper respiratory system. Contrary to popular belief, vitamin C does not reduce or prevent symptoms of the disease.

The habit of smoking extends the duration of the diseases approximately three days on average. I was sleeping less than seven hours a day associated with three times higher risk of developing an infection when such a subject exposed to a rhinovirus, compared to those who sleep more than eight hours a night.

External otitis, diffuse external otitis, or swimmer’s ear is inflammation that affects the skin of the external ear canal, usually from a bacterial or fungal infection.

It is widespread in summer and mainly affects children, the elderly, and the population with cognitive deficits. But It is not severe, And it is painful and causes a temporary disability.

Causes Of External Otitis

The infection caused by otitis externa or swimmer’s otitis is usually caused by moisture accumulation trapped in the external auditory canal.

So that connects the external ear, where hearing begins, to the inner ear or middle ear.

Under normal conditions, ear wax from the external ear canal forms an oily protective barrier with antibacterial and antifungal activity.

But when there is an alteration, this barrier, for example, by accumulating humidity from showers, baths, thermal baths, swimming pools, environments, or humid climates.

Besides the proliferation of microorganisms. Such as ‘Staphylococcus aureus,’ ‘Pseudomonas aeruginosa’ and even ‘Candida.’ cleaning the ears for earwax removal can also disrupt that protective layer.

There Are Several Types Of External Otitis:

According to a Top ENT Doctor in Dubai, external otitis is not something you should take lightly. If you are suffering from any discomfort in your ears, you should immediately get in touch with an ENT at the earliest. This is because external otitis is left alone, can lead to dangerous and serious consequences.

Diffuse External Otitis: It is the most frequent and usually occurs in children between five and twelve years old. It is also frequent in swimmers.

Localized External Otitis: It is produced by forming a boil in the external auditory canal and usually appeared by ‘Staphylococcus aureus.’ There is pain, hearing loss, redness, and swelling in the wall of the ear canal.

Otomycosis or External Fungal Otitis: It produced by saprophytic fungi such as ‘Candida albicans’ or ‘Aspergillus niger.’ They can appear from prolonged treatment with antibiotic ear drops or continued exposure to water. This changes the pH of the outer ear canal and, together with the heat, provides the right conditions for fungal growth.

Eczematous External Otitis: It is dermatitis with redness of the skin, peeling, and itching of the external auditory canal. It is related to atopic, seborrheic, contact dermatitis, lupus, psoriasis, and stress, among other conditions.

Malignant External Otitis: It is aggressive and severe. It produces an infection of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. And which can spread to other tissues in the area and even affect the cranial nerves. Ear pain is very intense and is associated with headaches.

Symptoms Of External Otitis

It usually occurs quickly, usually within 48 hours of severe ear pain (otalgia). Also, serous or purulent discharge from the ear (otorrhea), heat in the area, pain when chewing, and even itching. There is also hearing loss or poor hearing and a feeling of a blocked ear.

Its Diagnosis

In addition to completing a questionnaire to obtain the description of symptoms by the pediatrician, family doctor, emergency physicians, and otolaryngologists.

Also, they perform an ear examination with an otoscope. A sample of secretions or earwax can also be taken with a sterile swab to study under a microscope.

If the eardrum cannot visualize, pediatricians, family doctors, and emergency physicians will refer the case to the otolaryngologist.

If malignant otitis external is suspected, imaging tests such as a scan and computed tomography (CT) will be requested. A culture should do to determine which bacteria cause it and antibiotic sensitivity.

Treatment And Medication Of External Otitis

The Treatments Of Choice For The Different Types:

Diffuse External Otitis: It treated with anti-inflammatories, local heat, and ear drops administered in doses of three drops two or three times a day. It is essential to apply them correctly.

In some cases, oral antibiotics will be necessary. The treatment lasts between seven and ten days. The patient should avoid wetting the affected ear during that time.

Localized External Otitis: It treated with local heat, oral antibiotherapy, and surgical drainage if necessary.

Otomycosis Or External Fungal Otitis: The otolaryngologist performs treatment under a microscope with the aspiration of the fungal filament structures (hyphae) and earwax cotton plugs.

Topical antifungals prescribed for a couple of weeks and will follow up afterward. To prevent recurrences, solutions with boric acid or salicylates may recommend.

Eczematous External Otitis: Baseline dermatological disease treated with topical corticosteroids.

Antihistamines, acidifying drops may prescribed to restore the external ear canal’s pH and desiccants in case of wet fissures.

Given the risk of permanent loss of part of the auditory function (hearing loss), a surgical solution considered: canaloplasty.

Malignant External Otitis.: The initial treatment is the application of a broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic. Treatment maintained until a second scintigraphy test shows that the infection overcome.

If there are injuries, abscesses, or bone sequestration, debridement surgery may indicate to remove dead, damaged, or infected tissue.

Prevention Of It:

The Prevention Measures Are Crucial :

You have to dry your ears thoroughly after showering, bathing, bathing in the pool or on the beach with the tip of the towel tilting the head to each side to favor the exit of water.

• It is essential to protect the ears with protective caps to bathe on the beach or the pool.
• Chew gum at takeoffs and landings on an airplane trip, and long car trips to avoid the pressure effect.
• Avoid loud noises and at a short distance, especially for a long time.
• Don’t use cotton buds to clean the ears.

Flu is a viral disease caused by different genres of influenza virus. In general, cases of infection tend to increase in winter. For what reason? Here we explain it.

In times of pandemic, COVID-19 has monopolized all media and investigations globally.

Even so, we continue to have other viruses in circulation that, even though they are less dangerous, cause discomfort and severe symptoms exceptionally.

This is the case of the flu, a disease that often spreads in winter.

Entering the month of May, with the increase in temperature that it entails.

you may be wondering: “Why does the flu peak in its prevalence in autumn and winter, practically disappear in spring?” In this discussion, we try to answer.

A Clinical Picture, Multiple Forms Of Flu

Flu is a contagious disease caused by diverse genres of the influenza virus.

These are single-stranded RNA viruses, which are covered by an external lipid layer that gives them their characteristic rounded appearance.

According to the World Health Organization, there are 4 types of seasonal flu:

• Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on combinations of two proteins on their surface—all known influenza pandemics caused by type A viruses.
• Type B viruses not classified into subtypes, but circulating viruses can currently be divide into two lineages.
• Type C viruses are detected less often and often cause mild infections. They are of no epidemiological importance.
• Type D viruses primarily affect livestock and do not appear to cause human illness or disease.

The global incidence calculated at 20%, that is, that 20% of the world population spends it at a certain point.

Besides, it is a selective pathology since, in certain population groups, it can reach a 50% incidence.

Due to its epidemiological importance, influenza has been the subject of multiple studies.

Flu is a viral disease whose cases increase, especially in winter.

Flu And Weather

A study published in the scientific journal Plos Pathogens explains the relationship of influenza with climatic factors:

• Twenty experimental replicas with guinea pigs used. In various habitats, there were several guinea pigs sick with the flu, in others adjacent to the sick, in air contact, functional groups.
• The different sample groups with healthy and diseased guinea pigs subjected to different relative humidity and temperature ranges.
• At constant temperature, relative humidity and flu transmission found  inversely correlated. At a relative humidity of 20%, most healthy guinea pigs were infected by aerosols from the sick ones, while in 80%, no transmission observed.
• Guinea pigs infected in 5-degree temperature environments. Also found to expel more viral loads from their airborne particles, and for longer, than those infected in 20-degree environments.

It seems that the central hypothesis evidenced in this experiment: low temperatures, dryness promote the spread of the virus. Why?

Low Relative Humidity

Various assumptions try to explain why low relative humidity favors the spread of influenza:

• First, dry air could damage and deteriorate the host’s nasal mucosa, leaving it more unprotected against viral respiratory entry infections such as influenza.
• Second, the stability of the virus in aerosols appears to vary with humidity, with the virus remaining active longer in less humid environments.
• Third, the virus could lose its ability to spread at higher humidity.

At high relative humidities, the aerosols expelled by the patient could quickly adhere to water molecules in the medium.

Thus increasing their volume and precipitating earlier. This would decrease the speed, distance traveled by the virus.

Low temperatures provide an environment conducive to the transmission of influenza-causing viruses.

Low Temperatures

In this case, the explanation could be a little easier. At low temperatures, the nasal mucosa cools when taking the air.

This would create a micro environment more conducive to the virus, which could replicate better.

This would translate into a higher viral load with each sneeze, spray, thus favoring transmission.

A Justified Seasonality

Therefore, we have been able to see that the seasonality of influenza has a precise scientific meaning.

In the northern hemisphere, this virus begins to rebound in October, the peak observed between December, February.

These data agree with those observed in the exposed study since they are cold.dry months.

Luckily, the human being has an annual flu vaccine. Its problematic potential almost nullified.