The colon cancer is the most frequently diagnosed in Spain if cases added in men and women, with 45,000 new cases in 2019.

This time has jumped into the fray by the death, on 9 June, on the singer Pau Donés (53 years old) and writer Carlos Ruiz Zafón (55 years old), this Friday, June 19. In both, the cause of death was this disease.

This type of disease is more common between 50 and 70 years, and about 80% diagnosed early, increasing the chances of cure.

The truth is that there are cases in younger people. And although the reason for these cases is not yet known.  José Ignacio Martín Valadés, head of the MDAnderson Madrid Digestive Tumors Unit, ventures that colon cancer, like Most diseases, can be associated with healthy lifestyle habits.

The Mediterranean diet and the type of food lost over the years and, sometimes, it is young people who least comply with life habits.

What Lifestyle Can Prevent Colon Cancer From Developing?

40% of cancers prevented by adopting lifestyle habits; however, for its prevention, it is not enough to embrace these beneficial habits.

But other risk factors taken into account, such as family predisposition. A single cause never causes cancer.

So It Is Advisable:

Eating a healthy diet, in which the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes prevails, reducing almost wholly the intake of red meat and eliminating processed meats.

• Do not smoke.
• Do not consume alcohol.
• Perform physical exercise.
• Keep a healthy weight.

The first symptoms of colon cancer are benign polyps that are usually not symptomatic. When appear, sure signs alert you to the appearance of disease and depend on location along colon or rectum. We must not forget that these symptoms are also common to other conditions:

• abdominal pain.
• Bleeding in the stool.
• Alteration in the internal rhythm.
• The appearance of anemia in a routine blood test.
• Weight-loss.

Given these symptoms, it is essential to consult with the primary care physician so that he can refer the patient to a specialist or perform tests for early diagnosis if he sees fit.

The Importance Of Early Diagnosis

According to the Spanish Association Against Cancer. Colon cancer is one of the easiest to treat with early diagnosis, and for this, there are two initial detection tests.

The first would be the fecal occult blood test (TSOH), which  indicated by the family doctor and performed every two years between the ages of 50 and 69.

If this is positive, a colonoscopy stated, a second early detection test, to see if there are polyps.

“If they are detected, the evolution of the polyp to the tumor avoided, and they can be removed directly with the colonoscopy,” says Martín.

From the age of 50, you can access the colon cancer screening program. So which includes these two tests, in Spain, to detect the disease early, detect, and to treat it.

“The primary care physician will direct the patient. The symptoms are very nonspecific, and in a specific case, the alarm can always arise.

But it is much more essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle.  And also perform screening for the disease with the fecal occult blood test, “says Martín.

Despite the frequency of colon cancer, Martín has wanted to give a message of hope.

Since cure rates are increasingly higher thanks to the treatment in which various specialists – surgeons, radiotherapists, and medical oncologists. And also even collaborate in patients with the most advanced cancer.

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What is Diabetes?

Diabetes can define by a chronic elevation of blood sugar in the blood (blood sugar). After a meal, the sugar in food is partly transformed into glucose. It passes into the blood, and we then observe an increase in blood sugar.

People who live with Diabetes will face unexpected challenges such as qualifying for affordable insurance plans.  Matt Schmidt of Diabetes 365 mentions ” Any time you have a type of Diabetes you’ll soon discover the health, life, and disability insurance won’t be easy to qualify for.  As an example, life insurance for diabetics will be more expensive compared to non diabetics.  We’re seeing premiums for life insurance for type 1 diabetics be 25%-40% higher in some situations.  It’s very important to work with specialty groups to secure the best priced plans”

In addition, to lower this blood sugar, the pancreas produces a hormone: Insulin binds to a receptor in the body’s cells and allows glucose to pass from the blood to the cells to be metabolized (used or stored).

In the case of diabetes, the regulation of blood sugar is no longer ensure either because:

• The pancreas is not producing enough insulin
• Either the body cannot properly use insulin.

What are the Types of Diabetes?

Type 1 Diabetes or [Insulin-Dependent Diabetes]

Definition of Type 1

Diabetes type 1 or insulin-dependent [diabetes] occurs most often in young people. This [diabetes] occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed by the body’s immune system: this is called an autoimmune disease. Insulin secretion is insufficient; regulation of blood sugar is no longer ensure.

Symptoms of Type 1

sometimes the symptoms of type 1 [diabetes] appear suddenly. Moreover, the most common symptoms are:

• intense thirst (or polydipsia),
• frequent urge to urinate with abundant urine (or polyuria),
• and rapid weight loss despite a satisfactory diet.

Causes of Type 1

Despite advances in technology and research, the causes of type 1 [diabetes] remain unknown to this day. A genetic predisposition and the environment play a role in the onset of this [diabetes].

Treatment

Due to the lack of insulin production, type 1 [diabetes] can only treat with insulin intake. Solutions adapted to each patient are propose: multi-injections or insulin pumps.

Type 2 Diabetes or [Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes]:

Definition of Type 2

Type 2 diabetes or non-insulin-dependent [diabetes] accounts for 90% of diabetes encountered worldwide. Type 2 [diabetes] usually occurs in adulthood, but it can occur in children.

In this diabetes, there is initially a blockage of the action of insulin (called insulin resistance). decreasing the storage and the use of glucose by the cells. Secondly, the production of insulin by the pancreas gradually decreases, leading to the appearance of hyperglycemia.

Symptoms of Type 2

Unlike type 1 diabetes, the symptoms of type 2 [diabetes] often go unnoticed. Several years may pass between the onset of [diabetes] and the diagnosis of it. It is usually diagnose after the onset of complications.

Causes

Type 2 [diabetes] most often appears in sedentary people (overweight, obesity). The risk may increase if there is a family history.

If a healthy lifestyle is adopted very early, the risk may reduce.

Treatment

Above all,  a balanced diet and regular physical activity are the first measures to consider in this type of [diabetes]. In addition, if these measures are not sufficient, treatment with tablets or by injection may be prescribe, treatment with insulin may prove necessary with the course of the disease.

Gestational Diabetes

Definition

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, usually towards the end of the Second(2) quarter. This [diabetes] affects between 2 and 6% of pregnant women.

Most often, this type of diabetes lasts only during pregnancy, but more rarely, it can reveal a [diabetes] present before pregnancy and unknown. Like diabetes, gestational diabetes is a disorder of blood sugar regulation that causes excess blood sugar.

Symptoms

Most often, gestational [diabetes] does not cause symptoms.
The screening can perform in pregnant women at risk during the First(1) antenatal and between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy.

Causes

At some stage in pregnancy, there is a state of insulin resistance, and the body is less sensitive to the effects of insulin, which usually regulates blood sugar.

A family predisposition, a high body mass index (BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg / m²), and an age of more than 35 years at the start of pregnancy can increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes.

The Risks

Gestational diabetes exposes mothers and children to different risks:

For the Child

macrosomia: it is the most frequent complication in gestational diabetes. It is characterize by excessive weight and growth of the fetus (large baby, more than 4 kg)

In the long term, a child born to a mother who has had gestational [diabetes] is at risk of developing metabolic complications. Monitoring of the child’s weight and / or blood pressure should be indicated;

For the Mother

gestational [diabetes] exposes the mother to an increased risk of pre-eclampsia and cesarean section.

Meanwhile, to avoid complications for the child and the mother, monitoring diabetes is essential.

Gestational Diabetes Monitoring

The treatment of gestational diabetes is base on hygieno-dietetic measures: a balanced diet and appropriate physical activity.

In addition, the use of glycemic self-monitoring is essential to monitor the development of [diabetes]. If hygiene and diet measures are not sufficient to lower blood sugar, treatment with insulin may be prescribe.

Other Types of Diabetes

There are other types of diabetes, such as MODY diabetes ( MODY [diabetes] or Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young), which occurs during a genetic defect in beta cells.

Diabetes can be triggered by another illness (cirrhosis, etc.) or by certain drugs useful for treating certain serious illnesses. The prevalence of other types of [diabetes] is very low.

Symptoms

On the other hand, [diabetes] is often said to be a silent disease. It sometimes appears and progresses without symptoms.

In type 2 [diabetes], symptoms often go unnoticed for several years.

In the absence of symptoms, type 2 [diabetes] can be discover incidentally during a blood test prescribed by the doctor with a blood sugar level.

Sometimes [diabetes] is suspected when symptoms related to ocular, nervous, cardiovascular, or renal complications are identified.

The Type 1 diabetes is manifest by symptoms which may appear more or less abruptly; the main symptoms are:

• intense thirst (or polydipsia),
• frequent urge to urinate with abundant urine (or polyuria),
• rapid weight loss despite a satisfactory diet.

In addition, other symptoms may appear fatigue, vision problems, or urinary tract infections.
Resuming nocturnal urination in bed in a clean child can be a symptom of [diabetes].

Rheumatic disease such as osteoarthritis and arthritis refer to  that affect the joints and that are treated by rheumatologists.

Although they have points in stock, at the bottom they are very different entities in terms of causes, symptoms, prognosis, and other aspects.

Two rheumatologists give us the keys to better understand them and know how to distinguish them.

The first noticeable difference is that osteoarthritis is a single disease, but with different forms depending on the location: hand, knee, hip, lumbar, cervical.

In contrast, the word arthritis not usually pronounced isolated because.

It does not apply to a single pathology but is the common denominator of very diverse diseases.

Such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, microcrystalline arthritis (including gout ), infectious arthritis.

It can also be the symptom of other rheumatic diseases.

Such as systemic lupus erythematosus, says Montserrat Romera Baurés, a rheumatologist at the Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona) and spokesperson for the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER).

On the other hand, osteoarthritis must be understood.

According to Ana Sánchez Atrio, head of the Rheumatology Section of the Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), as a result that reached in many ways.

The fundamental is ” aging, but there are other causes, “such as osteoarthritis that appears years after a joint fracture.

Definition Of Osteoarthritis And Arthritis

Osteoarthritis is a chronic rheumatic disease that damages the articular cartilage.

It causes pain, stiffness, and functional disability, which prevents regular movements such as closing the hand, climbing stairs, or walking.

The term arthritis (arth: joint, itis: inflammation) means inflammation of a joint. There are different types of arthritis and with totally different mechanisms, insists Romera.

What they all have in common is joint pain and swelling, which is usually accompanied by redness of the skin.

To recap, in arthritis, the main feature is inflammation, and in osteoarthritis, it is worn.

Two diseases occur with pain, sometimes swelling and stiffness, but in osteoarthritis, the pain is mechanical; that is, it triggered by movements and improved with rest.

Pain, Inflammation And Other Symptoms

In pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, which is the most common inflammatory joint disease, just the opposite happens: pain tends to worsen with rest.

When the person gets up and starts walking, it hurts less, as if it were ‘greased,  Sánchez Atrio explains.

Another characteristic of this ailment is morning stiffness, especially in the joints of the hands and feet.

In spondyloarthritis, the pain and stiffness are manifested, especially in the lumbar spine, and also improves with movement.

The rheumatologist at the Príncipe de Asturias Hospital stresses the importance of recognizing these symptoms to see the primary care physician as soon as possible, who will assess the referral to the specialist.

Early diagnosis is crucial because the prognosis is very different if the treatment five years before or after when there are already sequelae.

Causes And Risk Factors Of Rheumatic Disease -Osteoarthritis And Arthritis

Romera points out that osteoarthritis can be “primary (the most frequent and of unknown cause) or secondary to other diseases.

Risk factors include age (cartilage undergoes changes over time and becomes less elastic), sex (it is more common in women), a traumatic history, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity.

Fatness is an essential adjustable threat factor in osteoarthritis. Overweight men and women are 4-5 times more at the hazard of developing osteoarthritis of the knee, he says.

This rheumatic disease is not hereditary, but it does have a genetic risk component that long with other factors, it can make it appear more quickly in subjects with a family history.

Obesity and lack of physical exercise are not as determined in the appearance of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but their progression and prognosis. The age of onset is highly variable.

Thus, it often said that rheumatoid arthritis begins between the fourth and fifth decades of life, although Sánchez Atrio clarifies that many cases diagnosed earlier.

In lupus, it arises even more first: in the second or third decade. When it comes to sex, there are also some divergences. For example, rheumatoid arthritis is much more common in women, but spondyloarthritis is more common in men.

Another key risk factor is smoking. Lately, multiple studies highlight the role of tobacco as a possible triggering factor, prognosis, and response to inflammatory arthritis treatments, highlights Romera.

Can They  Prevented?

In light of the risk mentioned above factors. It seems clear that the margin for prevention through a healthy lifestyle – healthy eating and physical activity. And also especially  much more significant in the case of osteoarthritis.

However, quitting smoking could act as a brake against diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Tobacco increases the risk of suffering the disease in people with genetic predisposition. And also worsens the prognosis,” summarizes Sánchez Atrio.

Very Different Treatments For Rheumatic Disease

The treatments for arthritis and osteoarthritis are different.

At hand is no remedial treatment for osteoarthritis, but a combination of drugs, physical activity, joint protection, avoiding obesity.

And physical or occupational therapy can improve the quality of life of patients, says Romera.

Analgesics, anti-inflammatories, disease-modifying drugs, and infiltrations used for pharmacological treatment.

There is a growing sign of the role that nutrition can have in the management of this disease.

The Mediterranean diet can have a protective effect due to its anti-inflammatory properties. And its effect on obesity,” adds the specialist.

Therapies for arthritis are highly variable and tend to individualize. The greatest significant thing  to carry out an etiological diagnosis as early as possible for an adequate treatment. So that will be different depending on the rheumatic disease in question, ” highlights Romera.

Among the treatments to alleviate the symptoms of these pathologist “are painkillers, anti-inflammatories, and glucocorticoids,” he specifies.

However, in long time, it is necessary to aspire more ambitious goals, after a specific diagnosis, specific treatment should start. And modifying the disease-as in inflammatory arthritis or gouty arthritis-, or antibiotic therapy in case of infectious arthritis.

The objective is to achieve control of the disease and avoid joint destruction.